Pride s Pride Goes Before Destruction - 797 Words

Pride Pride goes before destruction, a haughty sprit before a fall, (Proverbs 16:18, The Bible KJV). As a child this was always the answer that was given to me. I grew up in a very religious house hold, and it was always important for us to have pride, but never too much. Pride is something taken in small measures, too much, like alcohol, is not good. I grew up knowing what pride can do, but not what it was. Pride is defined as the quality or state of being proud: as inordinate self-esteem, a reasonable or justifiable self-respect (Merriam- Webster online dictionary). There are many faces to pride. From the mother watching her child get that winning touchdown, receiving an A in a class that you work very hard to get, or the homeless man on the street, who doesn’t want anyone to know. In these times we are living now, pride seem to be considered a bad thing. It is now written synonymously with boastful, arrogance and even conceit. We need to understand pride for what it is. Pride to me is the driving force behind human innovation, determination, and imagination. It creates within us a need to build bigger, run faster, and imagine on a grand scale. All of this is done to build ones’ pride. It is not something that should be taken negatively it is the fuel to make a person go. The backbone to every motivaton. Pride brings out the innovator inside of us. Steve Jobs was the most arrogant, self-centered, egotistical, prideful person anyone could ever read about. ButShow MoreRelatedPride Comes Before the Fall844 Words   |  4 Pagesdestructive flaw in the human race. Proverbs 16:18 says, â€Å"Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall.† This is where the famous saying â€Å"Pride comes before the fall† comes from. The Bible states through this verse that a man who is prideful or overconfident will come to be destroyed and those who are arrogant will fall. One reason why people who are overconfident or too proud tend to live lives that lead to destruction is because pride often blinds a man. When someone is too proud to doRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart871 Words   |  4 PagesIn Chinua Achebe s novel Things Fall Apart, a well-known aphorism, pride goes before a fall, was used. I agreed with and supported this statement. The story line itself backed up this statement as well. Through Okonkwo s hard work he became a great man with a sense of pride and haughtiness, who then suffered a loss of pride, which ultimately led to his down fall and his own suicide. This book went along with the commonly stated clichà ©. In addition to that, there was a widely known jokeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Lord Hath 1027 Words   |  5 Pages98 Proverbs 11:2 â€Å"When pride cometh, then cometh shame: but with the lowly is wisdom.† Proverbs 16:18 Well â€Å"Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall.† The numbering was allowed by God to humble David s heart (verse 8) and smote Israel with pestilence and destruction of seventy thousand men as a result of his sin. God says He hates a proud look (Proverbs 6:17). Certainly, It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of an angry God. Isiah 19:3,14 â€Å"AndRead MoreAnalysis Of Ram Dass, An American Spiritual Teacher876 Words   |  4 Pagesoff my love for you and hide in my feelings. Could this be the reason there is, of course, a lack of love in the church today because the people s love is in a recession? The world’s standard of love roots itself in emotions and does not last. It is fill with pride and arrogance that demands attention and flares up when it does not receive it. Pride finds in its derivative to mean â€Å"puff up† or in the English vernacular, â€Å"having a big head†. To be puffed up is to have an inflated opinion of oneselfRead MoreRichard Wrights Black Boy: The Price of Pride1242 Words   |  5 Pagesis a young black boy growing up in the South who lives in hunger, poverty, and fear. One of his biggest faults is his excessive pride; it is the source of many of his issues with others. Richard’s massive pride leads to dilemmas at his school, at his work, and in his relationships. To begin, Richard causes problems for himself at his job because he is so full of pride. When the white men at Richard’s job want Richard and Harrison to fight each other, Richard does not want to do it, even for moneyRead MoreMacbeth s Order Of The Universe944 Words   |  4 Pagesis similar to a God on earth, so any ill-willed acts against the king is a direct attack on God. In â€Å"The Tragedy of Macbeth† written by William Shakespeare, there is a breakdown of order throughout Scotland when Macbeth kills King Duncan. This destruction is visible through three main factors: within the person, through Lady Macbeth and Macbeth, and through nature. For the prophecies told by the witches to become true, Macbeth had to murder King Duncan, and he had a very clear intent to do it. HoweverRead MoreRacism Destroys A Family, Desiree s Baby864 Words   |  4 PagesRacism Destroys a Family Dà ©sirà ©e s Baby How can racism and arrogance destroy a whole family? In the short story Dà ©sirà ©e s Baby written by Kate Chopin reflects on how racism played a huge role before the American Civil War. Dà ©sirà ©e was abandoned by her family when she was young and was adopted by, Madame Valmonde, a rich white family. One day Armand Aubigny was passing when he saw Dà ©sirà ©e next to a stone pillar, where he falls in love with her instantly . They get married and have a baby boyRead More Man Against God in Moby Dick Essay817 Words   |  4 Pagesmorals-to a lipless, unfeatured blank (459). Following the desires of the flesh, he has thrown out the compass and declared himself lord of the level loadstone (425). And like Captain Ahab, humanity will suffer the consequences of all his fatal pride (425). nbsp; Every person who lives believes he posses the power, the free will, to weave his mat of life, to make the designs come out the way he wishes. Yet, when the time of decision comes, every one will let the ball of free will [drop]Read MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Gloomy And Gothic Atmosphere1062 Words   |  5 Pagesthat he is much more than just a sinner ultimately getting what he rightfully deserves. His persona and values also evolve throughout the book; showing how a man who keeps the truth withheld from those who need to hear it can lead to that man’s destruction. Arthur Dimmesdale is a reverend and along with the job comes the people, but most importantly, God. Having this particular duty is hard to maintain and when everything in one’s life depends on how one is viewed; one can see how at the beginningRead MoreThe Seven Year Lie By Nathaniel Hawthorne1081 Words   |  5 PagesHawthorne s Dimmesdale: The Seven Year Lie Nathaniel Hawthorne’s gloomy and gothic atmosphere sets the overall mood of The Scarlet Letter. The novel invokes a sense of great anticipation in the reader, particularly through the dramatic events surrounding the novel’s protagonist, Arthur Dimmesdale. However, the way his motivations and conflicts intertwine and mature throughout the novel allows the readers to see that he is much more than just a sinner ultimately getting what he rightfully

North American And Indian Societies - 927 Words

North American and Indian societies may not have a lot of things in common, but they do have similarities in how their population is separated. India has the caste system and North America has the social class or class system to divide their population. These two systems are similar but they also have their differences. According to, Sociology: The Essentials, caste system is defined as a system of stratification (characterized by low social mobility) in which one’s place in the stratification system is determined by birth. This is also known as an ascribed status. â€Å"This system in found in the traditional Hindu population of India† (Haviland 256). Although it is found in other parts of the world, India is the most well known. The caste system in India is divided into five different levels. â€Å"Each caste possesses a different dharma, which specified spate duties and abilities depending on the caste into which you were born. At the summit was the dharmas of the priestly Brahmin caste, which granted these people control over all spiritual and religious aspects of society, They also possessed the â€Å"sacred power† of the word, and were the only caste permitted to read and write. Next there was the warrior Kshatriya caste, whose dharma was to command the military and to rule the secular world as kings. The merchant Vaishya caste follows in the traditional ranking. The Vaishyas were viewed by some of their betters as a caste of â€Å"thieves who are not called by the name of thief.† ButShow MoreRelatedAmeric The Columbian Exchange1180 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween europeans and natives of the American continents resulted in a vast diffusion of food, livestock, technology, and diseases. This later became known as the Columbian Exchange. Two of the most influential things to be traded between the groups was horses, used for hunting and agricultural improvement, and diseases, such as smallpox, measles, yellow fever, typhus, and malaria. Diseases depleted many Native American populations, destroyed American Indian societies , and allowed europeans to conquerRead MoreO Neal1507 Words   |  7 PagesMiguel Vargas 11-20-15 1st hour Mr. O’Neal Before Europeans had ever set foot on North America the continent was a vast land made up of various Native American nations that had their own distinct cultures, history and social hierarchies. The Natives here possessed all of the aspects that human beings all over the world incorporated into their societies. They had social structures, trade routes and relationships between various Native groups and were by no means a cluster of heathens waiting to beRead MoreThe Origins and Patterns of Development for the New World Essay example1096 Words   |  5 PagesWorld. Additionally, this time period saw the beginning of the exchange of commodities across both sides of the Atlantic. These two things, imperial competition and transatlantic trade, influenced the origins and patterns of development of North American societies in the colonial period. Trade affected the birth and development of the British colonies in America. In the case of the first colony, Virginia, trade was at the heart of its survival. When Virginia was first settled, it resulted in severalRead MoreColonization and Conflict in the South, 1600-1750 Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesseventeenth-century North America were weakened by disease, wracked by recurring conflicts with Native Americans, and disrupted by profit-hungry planters’ exploitation of poor whites and blacks alike. Many of the tragedies of Spanish colonization and England’s conquest of Ireland were repeated in the American South and the British Caribbean. Just as the English established their first outpost on Chesapeake Bay with a set of goals and strategies in mind, so too the native Indians of that region pursuedRead MoreAmerican Colonies : The Settling Of North America902 Words   |  4 PagesSH â€Å"American Colonies: The Settling of North America† Introduction 1. Between 1492-1776, although many people moved to the â€Å"New World†, North America lost population due to the amount of Indians dying from war and diseases and the inability of colonists to replace them. John Murrin states, â€Å"losers far outnumbered winners† in â€Å" a tragedy of such huge proportions that no one’s imagination can easily encompass it all.† This thought of a decreasing population broadens one’s perspective of history fromRead MoreEssay on Chapter 1 Questionspdf1686 Words   |  7 Pagesto North America. Therefore, while some nomads took boats to the New World, the majority of the first nomadic Asian hunters came to the New World by walking across the land bridge, called Bering isthmus. Small bands of these immigrants continued to travel across the bridge for 250 centuries. It is thought that the first nomadic humans came across the land bridge because they were following herds of migrating game whom also took that path. ! ! 2. Why is it difficult to generalize about North AmericanRead MoreReview: The American Revolution in Indian Country720 Words   |  3 PagesMalcolm X once said â€Å"We (African-Americans) didnt land on Plymouth Rock, the rock was landed on us.†1 While not comparing it as such, nor discounting in any way the tremendous suffering and struggle for equality African-Americans have endured, this work presents a very strong argument that the native peoples of North America, have suffered as much or arguably more so. Indeed several bands had already been obliterated by disease and war with the White invaders from the sea before most of the EnglishRead MoreNative American And Native Americans1156 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Native Americans. The whites had different ideas that they wanted to contribute to the country, and the Native Americans wanted to stay loyal to their cultural traditions. The early people of the United States gradually gained control of the country. This lead to Na tive Americans being methodically pushed off their land, deceived multiply through a broken treaty, and most of all, not being completely recognized as citizens by the rest of American society. Some of these Native American groups thatRead MoreAPUSH SLAVERY FRQ813 Words   |  4 Pages FRQ #2: Analyze the origins and development of slavery in Britain’s North American colonies in the period 1607 to 1776. The founding of the majority of American colonies was either for an economic profit or for religious freedom. To make the colonies founded for an economic profit, a large work force was needed. For many religious colonies that turned into huge economic powers, they used the Protestant work ethic. Other colonies decided to use indentured servants originally, but this ended upRead MoreWhat Is Freedom1282 Words   |  6 Pagesslaves, indentured servants, Native Americans, property owners, and Puritans. All of these groups had their own definition of freedom they experienced, ranging from little to no freedom, freedom from the land they possessed, and the freedom to worship any God they so choose. However, some of these freedoms conflicted with the freedoms of others. First and foremost, there were many groups of people who had little to no freedom in seventeenth – century North America. Among these people, there were

John Locke Paper Free Essays

Throughout the 17th century, John Locke presented society with his teachings and theories that clarified the order of natural law and fulfilled humanity’s divine purpose for living. It all began in 1647, as a young boy when he attended the prestigious Westminster School in London under the sponsorship of Alexander Popham. During his years at the Westminster School, he found the work of modern philosophers more interesting than the material being taught at the university. We will write a custom essay sample on John Locke Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Much of Locke’s influence and later work was characterized by opposition to authoritarianism, which focused on both the level of the individual person and on the level of institutions such as government and church. Locke wanted each of us to use reason to search after truth rather than simply accept the opinion of authorities or be subject to superstition. He wanted us to proportion go along with the proposition to the evidence for them. Locke came to the conclusion that there must be a balance and mutual understanding between individuality and social institutions where society will not feel suppressed under man made law and restrictions. John Locke believed that all knowledge comes from experience. Experience is composed of two parts: external and internal. External experiences are ideas of supposed external objects. These objects enter our minds through sensation. Examples of sensations would be hot, cold, red, yellow, hard, soft, sweet and bitter. Internal experiences are reflections that make us understand the operation on the objects of sensation. Examples of reflections are thinking, willing, believing, doubting, affirming, denying, and comparing. Once again Locke goes back to his foundation of principles by reaffirming that in order to achieve success and sensation there must be a working relationship between individual goals and the law of society. Sensation and reflection are called the two fountains of knowledge. All of our ideas we can naturally have or have so already come from these two experiences. Sensible qualities convey into the mind, and they produce most of the perceptions and most of the great sources of ideas we have. Sensation and reflection differ from each other because sensation is what happens outside the body, and reflection has to do what happens inside the body with our mind. Also reflection has to do with the ideas it affords being such only as the mind gets by reflecting on its own operations within itself, the mind takes over its own operations and the manner of them. Besides having sensible qualities one also contains primary and secondary qualities. Locke explains that these qualities are two kinds of properties that an object could have. Primary qualities contain solidity, figure, extension, motion and number. They are properties that are objective and independent on senses. On the other hand, secondary qualities consist of color, smell, taste, sound and touch. They are properties that are subjectively perceived. In Locke’s, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, he states, â€Å"sensible qualities; which, whatever reality we by mistake attribute to them, are in truth nothing in the objects themselves, but powers to produce various sensations in us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (John Locke, 77). In other words, secondary qualities are dependent on the primary qualities. According to Locke, ideas are anything that is â€Å"the immediate object of perception, thought, or understanding† (William Lawhead, 91). Locke states that sensation and reflection are classified as simple and complex ideas. Simple ideas are red, yellow, hard, soft, etc and for example, you touch an ice cube, your mind is telling you its cold and it’s hard, you learn that from experience. Locke believed that the mind cannot know an inexperienced idea or create a new simple idea. Although the mind cannot create simple ideas, it can process them into complex ideas. Complex ideas are made up of several simple ideas, such as beauty, gratitude, a man, an army, the universe. Complex ideas are also broken down into three parts: ideas of substance which is a constant collection of simple ideas, ideas of mode which is a combination of several ideas, which form a mode, like a triangle, last but not least ideas of relationship, which is a comparison of one idea to another. From experience it goes to sensation and reflection, and those are based on simple ideas and that’s all contained in the passive mind, after simple ideas it goes to complex ideas and that’s located in the active mind. Overall in Locke’s theory he uses epistemological dualism, which is the mind that consists of knowing and its ideas. He also states the object in the external world is known by ideas, and our ideas represent those objects. After researching about Locke’s theory of knowledge I would have to agree with what he has stated. Locke states that you go through an internal and external experience and I feel that today’s youth do go through the motions of the internal and external experiences. As a result the youth are able to gain the knowledge from those experiences by allowing the mind to willingly accept these new ideas. For example, when I was younger I put my hand near a hot stove and from the heat irritating and pressuring my hand my mind told me it was a negative stimuli and it was essential to remove my hand from the stove and to keep that memory as a basic instinct. Society goes through experiences throughout life of internal and external and eventually gains knowledge through these experiences. John Locke also stated that the mind does all the knowing and its ideas are known. I agree with what he is saying because your mind is always working, it’s always active, we receive ideas internally through our mind and we receive ideas from the outside that goes into our mind. The balance is necessary between internal and external factors to keep society and individuals stable and yet progressive to adapt to new changes that rise up. How to cite John Locke Paper, Papers

Effects of Methods of Waste Management

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Methods of Waste Management. Answer: Introduction The changing trends in the society have created an alarm due to the heightening amounts of solid waste production. Industrialization, urbanization and changing consumption practices are threat to waste management practices in major cities. If solid waste is handled appropriately it can be of great worth. Malpractices in handling solid waste results to adverse effects both to the environment and human existence. Better methods of waste management should therefore be adopted for a better future. In the recent past, Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, has had great concerns in the increasing rate of environmental degradation. Such is a long term effect of prolonged poor waste management practices. Industrialization in this city has played a major role in the fore mentioned consequence (Alam, 2009, p. 1090). Factories utilized the surface water sources as dumping sites for their non-biodegradable waste products. Water sources have been for long been used as bins for industrial waste. At domestic level, households majorly disposed their waste products at nearby bushes or even in the natural holes (Pokhrel, 2012, p. 560). These waste products are composition of both food debris remains and plastic materials. In the urban centers, the condition has been more pathetic. Inhabitants have been either reluctant to paying for private waste collection services or the services are unreliable. At some regions the ferrying services have not been available. These unethical conducts have posed a great challenge to the development of Kathmandu. This has contributed to the stepwise loss of the citys landscape (Eicher, 2010, p. 367). The famous beauty of the city has degraded profusely. The pollution in the city evidenced by the huge heaps of uncollected waste neither made the city attractive. The productivity of agricultural land has been affected negatively with time due to damage caused by the solid waste. The quality of life is endangered by the effects of poor management of solid waste. The pollution at the water sources hinders the thriving of human beings. Unclean water increases the vulnerability to waterborne diseases (Giusti, 2009, 2228). The city is no longer appealing thus reduced numbers of tourists seeking to make visits. This lowers the economic stability of the city exposing it to disasters. Destruction of the productive agricultural land calls for quick action failure to which the city will end up relying on food aids from external sources. Such challenges need to be addressed lest the growth of the city turns to be an illusion. Conclusion The centrality of effective solid waste management practices may not seem so much important unless its effects are unveiled. The masses need to be educated about waste management and transportation services also availed. Enforcement of appropriate laws and maximization of recycling could also be of much help. To maximize waste recycling, the private sector should be engaged to absorb useful waste. References Alam, R., 2009. Generation, storage, collection and transportation of municipal solid waste A case study in the city of Kathmandu, capital of Nepal. Waste Management, 28(6), pp. 1088-1097. Eicher, A., 2010. Waste Management Introduction. Waste Management, 22(4), pp. 367-368. Giusti, L., 2009. A review of waste management practices and their impact on human health. Waste Management, 29(8), pp. 2227-2239. Pokhrel, D., 2012. Municipal solid waste management in Nepal: practices and challenges. Waste Management, 25(5), pp. 555-562.

Some of the needs for portals in Electronic Commerce (EC)

Analysis of Preserving Women by Shelley Nickles Essay Example

Analysis of Preserving Women by Shelley Nickles Essay Example Analysis of Preserving Women by Shelley Nickles Essay Analysis of Preserving Women by Shelley Nickles Essay In this Historical Perspectives on Technology class we learned to take a hard look at the players who were in a work, and this piece offered an interesting and complicated story of how the different players (advertisers, different classes of people, refrigerator companies, women, etc. Interacted with each other. The author talks about how many people bill this time as a time when women helped develop the refrigerator and how this Is Inaccurate. But though It Is not a story in the championing of womens rights, it is a story in a large shift in companies advertising focus towards the common consumer. So many of the themes discussed during class are present in this piece, though mainly it contains themes of the following: the theory of perfecting and analyzing systems; the shaking of social norms and modernity; and the idea of artifacts having politics. Many of the themes in this article go on to explain many Ideas still rampant or still subliminal In our lives and culture today. There were several modernist themes and ideas weaving their way through the process that was modernizing the refrigerator and Americas kitchens. The Frigidaire Company, like other companies of its time, wanted to pander mostly/only to the upper class. They had the Idea that their product was inherently desirable and that they TLD need to know what the consumer wanted or needed. The ad company that they hired, Lord and Thomas, came around and tried to shatter those perceptions. Lord and Thomas showed that Frigidaire was alienating potential customers by pandering to only the upper class, and that market research could increase their sales. They wanted Frigidaire to reject the status quo, the old way of doing things, and accept a new and evidence-based way of doing things. This is one of the mall points about modernism, outlined In The Horse In the City by Ma chines, Clay, and Joel Tart and many other class readings. Kitchens that people currently lived in were advertised as the old way of living, and the government even subsidized the transition to the new electric kitchen of the future. Another modernist element in this design process was the lack of ornamental-news in the design of the fridges. Also, the fridges were to be designed with maximized efficiency in mind, and that was to be used as a selling point. This not only fits in with modernity but also carries tenses Trot ten tannery AT Clientele Management. Housewives were total Tanat aurally this depression, they could economically and efficiently feed their families with this tool. This may seem an odd thing to attribute to Tailoring, as usually Tailoring is implied in relation to the work force, but I would argue that housewifely was these omens Jobs, and was used to streamline their work for economic gains in much the same way as other, more classic examples. Male engineers of the refrigerator design were frustrated however, that the designs were not purely functionalist, that they were stylized away from perfect efficiency. They particularly mention in this article, the ladies baffling opposition to the Monitor model of refrigerator, which was ugly with a large mechanism on top but was the most efficient, mechanical-wise. I would argue though that this was not stabilization, the other designs that women chose were the most functionalist for their user needs. The mechanism on top was hard to clean and reduced storage space. The frivolous aerodynamic design of stationary objects described in the article can similarly be attributed to curved edges being faster and easier to clean. This brings us to our next thematic plot in this article. The refrigerator was highly political in that it was highly gendered (and class-defined). Dry. Winner talks about this in his essay entitled Do artifacts have politics? This article reminded me deeply of a Kurt Evensong story entitled Jane. In the story a traveling refrigerator salesman (similar to the traveling survey takers) ends up building a robotic wife named Jane out of one of his refrigerators. There is a theme of subservience there, the ultimate patriarchal fantasy is the foment?a programmable sex-slave whose only purpose is to serve its master. And that aspect touches on the classicism of the refrigerator?middle class white women were able to regain some of their privilege through the refrigerator by having it be the robot replacement for their servants they could no longer afford. But ultimately, the wife- made-out-of-a-refrigerator thing is symbolic of how closely the refrigerator is regarded as a symbol of femininity. The article talks about how advertisers used tactics such as telling women that theyd be able to preserve the health of the house, linking their desire to be maternal and feminine with their desire for a refrigerator. Furthermore, the refrigerator got some of its gender-identity only reluctantly. Male engineers were skeptical of the findings of surveys, and only wanted to focus on the mechanics of their designs instead of thinking of the lifestyles of women. In one instance, only when a woman designer wrote a report outlining how the inclusion of an efficient design feature would cost them sales did they relent to revert loss of revenue. Nowadays, all engineering classes take user needs into very high esteem, and with good reason?an end design is only useful if it gets used. So in conclusion, the first remaking of the refrigerator is a many faceted topic involving many nuances of gender, efficiency, culture, and politics. This narrative shows the beginning of many integral parts of our culture today. Every household has a refrigerator, specifically an electric one. And the refrigerator has remained gendered to this day. For evidence of this, look no further than the millions of internet trolls that view the kitchen as a womens space, which is not to say this wasnt a relevant idea in the time outlined in this article; which perhaps should be mandatory rearing Tort sun trolls to see now really antiquate Ana unoriginal ironic sexism turns out to be.

Cooperative learning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cooperative learning - Assignment Example The Teaching and Evaluating the Collaborative Process step is the most important that requires more time to plan and execute. The result of a cooperative learning process is determined by how well the group can communicate to each other effectively without misunderstanding. Moreover, learning how to communicate individuals ideas and feelings give confidence to individuals and enable a successful goal achievement. Tutors and another teaching staff can effectively choose the members of groups in monitoring performance stage (Borich). During this state, members have already conceptualized what is supposed to be done and played their part. Thus, it prudent to separate individuals according to their capabilities to ensure the achievement of goals. Moreover, it is important to use different ways of monitoring to ensure keeping track on each group activities. Moreover, it is important to establish problems and rectify them as the group progresses. Active un-involvement can be incorporated in a cooperating learning tasks by assigning tasks that require division of labor (Borich). In addition, un-involvement in a group can be minimized by integrating members of the group’s role to correct each other when they err in their roles (Borich). Furthermore, passive and active un-involvement can be solved by encouraging the poor and slow learners to work hard to achieve the group goal (Borich). However, the best way to deal with non-engaged performers in a group is by assigning individual roles to group members (Borich). Through this, each member will have to engage other when he or she is in a difficult

Nietzsche Moral Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nietzsche Moral Philosophy - Essay Example Nietzsche aims at freeing human beings from their false consciousness about the issue of morality. He wants to free people from the idea that morality is good for them and not for the society (Richardson 20). Nietzsche forms an argument that free from the moral prejudices that he believes clouds the metaphysical pursuit and inquiries of science. Nietzsche concept of slave and master morality Master and slave morality is a key theme of the works of Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche presented that there are two types of morality. These include master and slave morality. Master morality majorly deals with the good or bad consequences of actions. Master morality values strength, pride and nobility. Master morality gets described by Nietzsche as the morality of the strong- willed. Slave morality deals with the good or bad intentions that people have. For Nietzsche slave morality values things like sympathy, kindness and humility. Nietzsche argued that we must not presume that anything that i s good is helpful, and all that is bad is harmful. He argued that this presumption got based on the grounds of habitualness. Value or non-value should not be derived from its consequences (Richardson 24). The strong-willed men in Nietzsche view look at something good as powerful and noble and what is bad as petty, weak, and cowardly. Nietzsche forwarded that morality deals with the individual. We must recognize that oneself is the measure of all things. Masters become creators of morality while the slaves simply respond to the masters with their slave morality. Slave morality originates in the weak while master morality originates in the strong. He argued that the strong people are few among the weak. The weak work hard to gain power by eroding the strong to believe in the causes of slavery which is evil. For example by stating that humility is good and voluntary, the slave morality lives in denial that humility got forced upon them by a master. Moral Skepticism Nietzsche was a mora l skeptic. He questions the authenticity of the explanations of morality which get purported to be factual. He maintains a doubting attitude towards the values and character of others which get considered moral. Nietzsche calls attention to the fact that the history of moral theories does not have a rational explanation for the foundational proposition about morality. Nietzsche supports the notion that there are no moral facts or truths. Nietzsche questions what brings about morality (Richardson 56). We do not know whether it is the criterion of the action or the reason for its performance that gets considered right. We must also consider the consequences that these actions bring about. Nietzsche also locates disagreement among the most sophisticated and moral philosophies which makes him a moral skeptic. Nietzsche was an aristocratic radicalism. This was a condemnation of hyper-aesthetic writing and fantasy in literature. It was a belief that literature should be based upon extensi ve thoughts of liberty and the progress of humanity. Moral Nihilist Moral nihilism is the view that nothing is intrinsically immoral or moral. Moral nihilists consider morality as something that gets constructed through a set of rules and recommendations. Nietzsche is not a moral nihilist. He states nihilism as absolute valuelessness, or that nothing has a meaning. He explained that this was extremely dangerous because it is through

Group reference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group reference - Essay Example The readings also provided knowledge about the importance of modern social networking as a method of reaching new consumer audiences. Sites such as MySpace and many others provide even more weight to the concept of reference groups and are therefore important especially in cultures like the UAE that have very group-minded collectivist values. According to Beckstrom (2010) the UAE is the largest user of the Internet in the Middle East where 74.1 percent of the population had access to broadband connections or mobile phones. It is a lifestyle activity for the UAE (Beckstrom). This is important for companies such as the Carrefour hypermarket that has recently launched its own online store offering many non-food items to customers in an environment that is convenient to the buyer segments (dubaifaqs.com, 2011). With the use of social networking tools, customers can have a more interactive experience with the brand and also satisfy their social reference group needs in an environment prov iding similar opinion and values. The UAE is also a culture that does not accept uncertainty easily, in areas of buying behavior and also in terms of the social structures that guide the nation. People in cultures such as this are intolerant of conflicting opinions and value group harmony over individual expression (Donnison, 2008). In the UAE, it is predictable that customers of hypermarkets will want detailed pricing guidelines and clear choices related to their purchases. Therefore, this has significance to marketers trying to predict buyer behavior and develop a system of advertising and product variety that is clear so that buyers understand exactly what they will experience in-store. For the female shopper in the UAE, it is important to identify that there are still many prejudices and stereotypes present that impede their progress toward higher social class status. Therefore, social stratification does not necessarily allow female buyers to move from lower-end class status to more influential status due to the high presence of male-controlled attitudes and political structures. However, the female shopper, across the globe, is usually the most important decision-maker in buying decisions which makes it difficult for companies like Carrefour or Lulu hypermarkets to appeal to the woman buyer. Men have more opportunity for changing their social class and therefore are more mobile. Word-of-mouth communication, as identified by the readings, is still important to the success of a brand or company. Again, the social networking capabilities of Carrefour hypermarkets is changing the interactivity between buyer and the organization which provides new opinion leadership that can change buyer behaviors. It seems that the UAE and especially the hypermarket stores are capitalizing on these new low-cost capabilities by providing products online so that consumers in the same social class with the same values can discuss their positive experiences with Carrefour or Lul u markets. The high instance of mobile phone usage and the lifestyles associated with UAE Internet usage give these markets new visibility and maybe even be able to appeal to the market maven. Since it has been recognized that women in Arab countries enjoy the shopping experience together as part of the group,

Taxonomy System and Linnaean System

Taxonomy System and Linnaean System Since the early life of human beings, we have grouped organisms into classifications for many different reasons related to science. The classification systems are very important because it allows scientists to easily identify and group organisms (socratic.org, 2017). Scientist usually group them by judging the degrees of their similarities and differences that are seen (study.com, 2017), Organism groups have been organised into groups by using systems called the taxonomy system and Linnaean system but changes have occurred over time and this has all been modernized into the phylocode since early 2000s. This first system that will be explained is the Linnaean system, this was developed in the early 18th century by Carl Linnaeus which he published a system for classifying living things but Linnaeus was the first scientist to develop a naming system or structure that helped convey information easily about what the species name is but also its closest relatives. These classifications were further modernized into orders such as taxonomy and including domain phyla domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species (Mnemoic-device.com, 2017). Before Carl Linnaeus came up with a standard naming system he created names for each individual species which were often confusing and enormously long and hard to remember. Carl Linnaeus then decided it would be better to name these species in Latin and would have two parts to the name and this was a two-part system which was named the binomial nomenclature but again this is the old system. Linnaeus is classified nature into a hierarchy, Carl proposed that there were three broad groups and these were called kingdoms. Then into which the whole of nature could fit, these kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes. (Study.com, 2017) These were further divided into genera and then species. We still use this system today, but society today has made some changes. The hierarchy of biological classifications is where all life can be classified into increasingly specific groups by sorting life into three domains which are Archaea, eubacteria and eukaryote-but the system ends with the most specific category which is the individual species has its own name. The Phylo code starts with the theoretical foundation but the phylo is the process of a naming system but only names the clades which a clade is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants instead of naming each individual specie a different name. The naming of the clade in these species are defined in types although the aim of the new classification system is to show clear communication of naming and efficient storage of biological information but again the phylo only governs by the clade names. The phylo system is and independent of taxomic rank but also the phylogenetic system categorisers species. clades but are not in ranks but are kinds of biological entitles where species is a segment of population and the clade is in a monophyletic group of species or organisms.( The monophyletic is a taxon. A taxon is any group of organisms that is given a formal taxonomic name, A monophyletic taxon is one that includes a group of organisms descended from a single ancestor. whereas a polyphyletic taxon is composed of unrelated organisms descended from more than one ancestor. (Mun.ca, 2017) Taxonomy is used as the prime base for the phylo system and Linnaeus system, taxonomy is the process of explaining and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganism in the world. Taxonomy explains and shows what species are compatible to reproduce or interbreed and which cant together but for example a horse cant interbreed with a bear but species of animals that are in the same group can like a tiger and jaguar. The genus is a taxonomic rank which is lower than family in the Linnaeus system and higher than the species. (Em.wikipedia.org, 2017) The genus is a more general taxonomic category than species is (etc. generic name of a lion is pantherea Leo and the pantherea represents a tiger, snow leopard, jaguar and leopard but Leo represents the type of animal but that its in this certain cat family).The species is the last rank division, in this case named epithet. This is the second part of the scientific name and refers to one species within the genus, Species is commonly a group of organisms that have similar anatomical characteristics and reproducers that can successfully interbreed to produce off spring. Both the phyllo and Linnaeus have the objective to name species and give society and scientists a greater understanding of them but also they both use taxonomy as their base (Ca1-tls.edcdn.co, 2017). The two classification systems both use precedence and clear order of preference to determine the correct name of taxon synonyms, homonyms exist in both systems but also systems are ranked through the taxonomy system. Phylo code is a more fitting to the future of science and will develop as time goes but Linnaean system is no longer an easier source to use because Phylogenetic classification has two main advantages over the Linnaean system. First, The phylogenetic classification tells you something important about the organism: its evolutionary history. Second, phylogenetic classification does not attempt to rank organisms ,Linnaean classification ranks groups of organisms artificially into kingdoms, phyla, orders, etc. (Evolution.berkly.edu, 2017) The linnean system was a great platform for biologists and scientists but now has become formally invalid due to the phylo system having a greater advantage and enhanced system.

Orphans in Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane Eyre Essays

Orphans in Jane Eyre Jane, one of the orphans in the novel Jane Eyre, is portrayed as the victim of charity.  She is also seen in others' eyes as something less or lower than themselves. Orphans are seen by wealthy people as children who are in need of their charity, and also who lack in morals, ambition, and culture. Jane tells about how she has no family; her mother and her father had the typhus fever, and "both died within a month of each other" (58; ch. 3). As if this is not bad enough, she is also excluded from being a part of the Reed family:    Me, [Mrs. Reed] had dispensed from joining the group, saying, 'she regretted to be under the necessity of keeping me at a distance; but that until she heard from Bessie, and could discover by her own observation that I was endeavoring in good earnest to acquire a more sociable and childlike disposition, a more attractive and sprightly manner - something lighter, franker, more natural, as it were - she really must exclude me from privileges intended only for contented, happy little children. (39; ch. 1)    Further, after Jane comes out of the red room, Mrs. Reed and the children go out for a carriage ride and leave Jane behind (55; ch. 3). Again, at Christmas time, "From every enjoyment I was, of course, excluded: my share of the gaiety consisted in witnessing the daily apparelling of Eliza and Georgiana, and seeing them descend to the drawing-room, dressed out in thin muslin frocks and scaarlet sashes, with hair elaborately ringleted" (60; ch. 4). This not only shows her exclusion from family and family gatherings, but also that she is not perceived to be as good, happy, or sociable as her cousins.    Her cousin John even makes her out to be something less than he, "You... ...nineteenth century was not as easy as it was for her. Most orphans were put into a workhouse and had to deal with worse conditions than she. Orphanhood was very prevalent throughout the whole novel. Almost every character was an orphan or became one. Not many characters had family members that they were able to speak of, or of they did, they were not part of the immediate family, as Jane was with the Reeds.       As lonely as Jane was, she was not as isolated, as one may believe. She was one amongst eighty girls at Lowood Institution who did not have a mother or a father, let a lone family members to care for them. She was even around many other orphans throughout the novel including the Reeds, the Rivers, and Adele.    Works Cited: Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. London, Penguin Books Ltd.: 1996. (Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Michael Mason).

Conflict Resolution Essay

A new director decides to reorganize the department you work in. This reorganization comes about without input from the employees and many of the nurses that you oversee are feeling resentful of the change. As a nurse leader, identify factors that may lead to conflict and ways you can manage them. Wherever there are people the ability for conflict exits. Conflict is a disagreement, opposition or clash. It can affect the person emotionally, physically and specially. It can result in a fight, discord and division. Conflict can be used to motivate; however it can be destructive and should be dealt with. According to McElhaney (n.d) nurses experience six major areas of conflict. This scenario depicts one of those areas. 1. People who have experience in an area, want to feel that their opinion is considered and valued. So, when changes are made to an area or department, in which they work, have experience and are the expert; employees want to have input. In the absence of employee participation there may be apathy, anarchy and malicious compliance. Oftentimes it leads to lack of respect within the profession and feelings of anger, diminished self-worth, and conflict. However; as a nurse manager oftentimes, changes are made without any input from the employee and I have to manage this situation. In this case, during a staff meeting, I would discuss the changes, reasons they were made, and ask for input as to how we can implement these changes such that they work more effectively in our department. By using collaboration, my goal would be to incorporate employee feedback in areas/processes under my control. This would allow the employees to feel that they have some control over their work area, their input is valued and contribute to problem solving (Cardillo, 2011). Other areas are: 2. People have varying opinions, come from different backgrounds and culture and have different values. When conflict arises over differing in values and cultures, then these conflicts must be dealt with. They must be  discussed and a compromise reached that works for each party as well as the department (McElhaney,n.d). 3. Communication may be misunderstood and body language misconstrued (Cardillo, 2011). To confront this type of conflict, someone must be willing to speak out. Once during my 360 degree review, I received feedback that my team members felt devalued and that they were not being listened to because often times I continued typing when they came into the office; even though I coherently responded to the questions. After receiving this feedback, anytime someone comes into my office, I would sit on my hands to ensure that I pay attention and not type. When verbal communication and body language is misunderstood, the conflict must be confronted, discussed and a change must be made or an explanation given. Accommodating to meet the needs of promotes harmony and gains credits that can be used at a later date. 4. A nurse’s personal space is often invaded by other staff members, physicians, and patients. Crowded conditions and constant interruption can lead to conflict. In this situation, I would use a combination strategy of face-to-face meeting, collaboration and benchmarking. I would start with a face to face meeting with the individual to get his/her input as to how to better design/arrange the work area to reduce stress and interruptions. I would also research what other hospitals have done in this situation and implement best practice. Then I would follow-up with the employee to ensure the implemented changes solved the problem. 5. Other causes of conflict involve organizational climate, leadership style, off-the-job problems, age pressures, job standards, and personal prejudice. These conflicts affect each individual differently. Therefore, I would recommend the employee experiencing these conflicts or exhibiting behavior that is indicative of these stressors to the Employee Assistance Program; which consists of professionals especially skilled to assist the employee in dealing with these stresses. 6. Coping with technology changes and procedures. To provide our patients with the best care, we have to continuously improve this mean that change is inevitable. So, during staff meetings, I cover latest techniques, updated procedures and discuss how these add value to patient care and make our job easier. Once a month a different member of the staff discusses medical article or book they have read concerning a procedure or technique that can improve our process. After their presentation, we discuss if this is something we can implement easier or should put on our wish list. Lastly, each nurse is required to obtain six hours of training a year in which the hospital pays for. Training in new technology and procedures that are introduced is required and may be used for this purpose. There are many strategies to deal with conflict; avoidance is one. Some types of conflict if left alone, will work themselves out. However; because of the potential devastating nature of conflict; it should confronted; confront the situation and not the person. One should listen with empathy and the goal to understand the other person’s point of view and negotiate to a win-win or at the very least a win-lose solution. Even if one side has to lose, position the lost as something positive that can be built upon or negotiated later (Nursing Strategies: Countering Workplace Conflict with Positive Communication Strategies, 2011). References Cardillo, D. (November 28, 2011). Seven strategies for managing conflict Retrieved from http://news.nurse.com/article/20111128/DD01/311290003#.VJom714AKA McElhaney R. (n.d). Conflict Management. Retrieved from http://www.nursingcenter.com/CareerCenter/articles_preview.asp?page=confman.htm Nursing Strategies: Countering Workplace Conflict with Positive Communication

Forgiveness in Martin Luthers Movement

Forgiveness in Martin Luthers Movement Introduction The best way that blacks can learn to forgive is through seeking God. Martin Luther led the movement that blacks had fighting for their rights in America in the 60s. The bible teachings tell us that God exists in the holy trinity and the only way to forgive others is for us to be able to forgive our own transgressions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Forgiveness in Martin Luthers Movement for Rights Blacks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More God’s grace is the only way that we can achieve forgiveness. Worthington states that forgiveness is achieved when, â€Å"we yield ourselves to God and [are] guided by God’s Spirit.† (2009, p. 14) Once we have acquired the skills to be able to forgive ourselves, then, we can learn to forgive others as well. Although Everett Worthington Jr. cautions that forgiving oneself is particularly hard, the driving factor should be the end result. No hurt or tr ansgression is too big to bear once a person has learnt the art of forgiving him/herself. The best way of working through a hurtful thing like the way that African Americans were during their fight for their rights is to be in a group scenario. The forgiveness of transgressions against other people is very hard to fathom in many. There are transgressions or hurts that people consider too painful to easily forgive. Martin Luther had a particularly tasking job in attempting to instill forgiveness in the hearts of the African Americans who had been hurt. He insisted repeatedly that the only way that their rights were going to be recognized was through peaceful means. However, a tall order this was, he had to convince his followers that the best option for them was to forgive those people that had hurt them. Discussion There are steps that Everett has developed that are aimed at helping people to become more forgiving in their encounters. The foundation block for this program is that on e has to dedicate oneself to discerning God’s heart. As such, one has to be a dedicated Christian for the steps advocated by this writer to work. The major idea here is that god is the most important agent in order to achieve forgiveness. Therefore, one has to allow God to use one’s actions as the vehicle through which he works. Achieving forgiveness is equated to acquiring any other skill in the course of performing ones duties. Therefore, it is not expected that a person can be forgiving instantaneously. This means that people have to work on their forgiveness skills in order to achieve the forgiveness level that the gospel teaches. Martin Luther had to focus on the religion in order for people to translate the teaching of the bible and apply them in their every day lives so that they are capable of forgiveness. Conclusion Forgiveness entails that a person does not seek revenge for a particular hurt that is done to them. This means that although African Americans fel t that their rights were not being recognized by the regime in America, they should have desisted from taking any actions to avenge this wrongdoing. The only way that a person can achieve forgiveness is if the action warranting the forgiveness no longer hurts them. Events that are far in the past can be easily forgiven since the hurt occasioned by such wrongs is no longer potent.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, African Americans should have first work on the hurt that they felt in order for them to be able to forgive the transgressors. Martin Luther was charged with the responsibility of ensuring that any ill feelings that the African Americans may have harbored were not eliciting hurtful sentiments from his followers. If this was achieved, then the process of forgiveness should not have been difficult. Reference Worthington, E.L. Jr. (2009). A Just Forgi veness: Responsible Healing Without Excusing Injustice. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press.

Tobaccos unfair treatment essays

Tobacco's unfair treatment essays Unfortunately for the tobacco industry we live in an unfair society where the population always wants to point the finger at someone other than themselves. Tobacco has been around as long as anyone can remember, and unfortunate for the tobacco industry, they made it possible for the smoking American to be able to buy fully processed and manufactured cigarettes. During this time, the average smoking American has known that smoking causes health problems, and yet they continued to purchase the manufactured cigarette. Then in 1995, President Clinton ordered the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to write rules to regulate the sale and marketing of tobacco products in an effort to curb teen smoking. The writing of these rules would then touch off a series of Legal Battles, of which should not have been. I believe that for once the people that live in this country, should start taking responsibility, stop relying on the Government to make all their decisions, and start living with s ome common sense. Do to President Clinton's interference, the Tabacco Companies were sued by The United States, and a deal was made that the Tobacco Companies would pay 368.5 billion dollars over 25 years (3). This in itself should have been the end of the lawsuits, for the money was split between 44 states and was supposed to be used to repay smoking related medical expenses and also to be used to establish programs to help with the addiction. Only six states so far have made a commitment with their funds to use them towards smoke related programs. The others have treated it as winning the lottery, here are some examples: Louisiana allocated 55 percent of its initial $110 million payment to help balance the state budget (5) Montana used $800,000 of its money to finance a boot camp for juvenile delinquents (5). Along with the awarded moneys there was also other stipulations that would govern the sale and advertising of tobacco products. ...

Using 3 carefully chosen, described and analysed illustrations, show Essay

Using 3 carefully chosen, described and analysed illustrations, show how images of success used in the contemporary labour market revolve around the themes of potentiality, performativity and perfection - Essay Example Given this â€Å"improved perspective† of the human resource, this paper will examine if such â€Å"improved perspective† of the workforce translates to better work life. This paper will also answer the new definition of success in the workplace, given the prevailing economic environment, and what it takes to succeed. As a business entity, companies are always driven by the profit motive. To paraphrase Radcliffe, â€Å"essentially, the main goal of all firms is to maximise and improve their bottom line† (2005 p.56). To improve this bottom line, companies had always sought new ways on how to improve its profitability that includes adoption of new processess and methodologies, as well as the usage of sophisticated technologies. It also realised that by maximising the potential of its human capital to perform, it would be able to enhanced its viability and competitiveness as a business entity in the market. Hence, there is the adage â€Å"our people is our most important asset† (Costea 2007 p.6), a slogan which is used by almost all companies in stressing the importance of human capital in their organisation. Frederick Winslow Taylor first thought that to motivate performance, employees has to be adequately paid (Jaffe 2008). It may have been a simplistic perspective about motivation, but it answers the economic needs of an enterprise’s employees and is even used until today. Mayo later expanded on this narrow perspective of Taylor about human resource and later included the social needs of its employees that needs to be satisfied for employees to be better motivated (Sarachek 1968). Perhaps it was Mayo who introduced the concept of Human Resource Management (HRM) when he introduced Human Relations department at the workplace who emphasized among its managers to treat its subordinates humanely (Smith 1987). Other organizational behaviorists and psychologists followed suit on how to better motivate employees by attending to their various

The Influence of Marketing Channels on the Marketing Mix Essay

The Influence of Marketing Channels on the Marketing Mix - Essay Example The marketing channel includes every aspect of the business, from the product concept to the guarantee of its value or usefulness. There are two essential parts of a marketing channel namely the physical distribution structure which moves a product from the manufacturer to the consumer, and the marketing structure which is meant to ensure the achievement of marketing objectives. When a manufacturer designs a product to offer to the market (goods or services) he/she will consider first what are the customer needs to be addressed, what benefits will satisfy these needs and thus what features the product design should contain so as to deliver these benefits. The good manufacturer will employ this process of product definition, in the order above. Manufacturers stand at the top of the supply chain and can use a variety of sales, marketing, and physical distribution systems to connect their products with customers. Since the marketing channel is such a comprehensive concept which forms the relationship between the manufacturer, the distributor and the consumer, every aspect of the marketing channel affects the products or services mix, the distribution mix, or the communications mix. Suppliers and distributors have a great influence on the success of a firm. Distribution issues come into play heavily in deciding brand level strategies. In order to maintain one's brand image, it may be essential that retailers and other channel members provide certain services such as warranty repairs and carrying a large assortment of accessories.  Ã‚  

Literacy Project- Emergent Reading Research Paper

Literacy Project- Emergent Reading - Research Paper Example This is then able to lead into awareness of phonetics, language, print and words. The four blocks not only works with the four levels to reading and writing, but also implements directions that ensure each child is able to work to discover new areas of language while progressing through kindergarten through the third grade. This ensures that each child has a strong basis for recognizing, understanding and writing what is needed for the language learning (Sigmon, 1997). The main component that is a part of the four blocks plan is based on the struggles which children often have when going through the first stages of reading and writing. The force that is taken to read and write is one of the components that are associated with this, specifically which doesn’t allow different styles of thought processes to be implemented. This has led to the initial stage of learning which is to create a desire for each of the children to learn and be a part of the instruction. The rest of the g uide is based on combining each of the necessary steps for reading and writing, specifically so each child has the capability of creating a different approach to early literacy. These combined efforts are then able to guide students into a holistic approach to learning how to read and write (Sigmon, 1997). Part 1.2 Differing Stages of Literacy Development The differing stages of literacy development are devoted to an understanding of the behaviors and cognitive development which a child goes through. Each stage of learning has to coincide with the development of cognition that is approached by each child as well as how these change with the skills created. The literacy development is conducive of the development of oral language, writing and reading. It is known that there are two stages to the development. The first is based on the age of students, specifically which changes the capabilities to understand the cognitive associations with reading and writing as well as the value whic h this carries. The second is based on the learning styles and diverse concepts, specifically which is associated with Gardner’s eight learning styles. According to constructivist principles, the age and the cognitive diversity need to coincide to assist with literacy development. With the constructivist ideologies, there is a sense of engaging children in the concept of learning how to read and write and tapping into different developmental aspects based on cognition to assist children with the learning required (Many, 2001). Part 1.3: Effective Reading Instruction for Learners from Different Cultural and Linguistic Backgrounds A challenge which is currently in the educational system is based on cultural and linguistic backgrounds which differ. Diverse regions which children come from to English as a second language have developed as a prime subject among educators, specifically because reading, writing and speaking levels differ among children of the same age and at the sam e cognizant level. A theory which tackles this topic is transculturation, which allows the diverse concepts to be embraced in the classroom. According to this theory, teachers have the capacity of recognizing the diverse backgrounds, noting the differences in how the languages are used grammatically and how this can be a part of the learning for the rest of the class. The transculturation leads to group activities and interaction which compares the cultural and ling

Biodegradable Plastics Essay Example for Free

Biodegradable Plastics Essay The properties of plastics are determined by the polymers that constitute the unit. Based on this, plastics can be modified into biodegradable products by varying the constituents synthetically. Their chemical structures vary due to the substituting polyesters in the polymer chain. Let’s study about the chemical differences and structure of green plastics; PHA and PLA. Amylose and Amylopectin are the major polymer components of starch. In the link structure, all identical chain points are connected to –CH2OH group. The oxygen in the ring structure chain facilitates degradation when reacted with water. Any hybrid variety can be produced with two components: renewable natural polymer (starch) and petroleum based synthetic polymer (PCL). †¢ Polylactide (PLA) is a bioplastic basically made from starch, the basic building material. Here lactic acid (CH3CHOHCOOH) is produced through fermentation where microorganisms convert sugar feedstock into lactic acid. The lactic acid thus isolated is depolymerized to lactide and by Ring-opening polymerization with catalysts it is converted into Polylactide polymer of high molecular weight. Based on the particle size, the rate of biodegradability and transparency varies. They find use in soluble fibers, compose bags and renewable products. †¢ Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) polymers are produced naturally by microorganisms directly from sugar feedstock. The polymer is isolated, purified and processed. These components can be controlled by varying the ratio of sugar feedstock. Synthesized PHA is copolyester composed of 3-hydroxy fatty acids hydroxybuterate, hydroxyvalerate and hydroxyhexanoate. In all PHAs the hydroxyl substituted carbon atom is steriochemical -R configuration. Since they are composed of short chain and long chain length –R groups, they are used for a variety of commercial applications. References Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2007, Pp 1437-1449 Stevens, E. S. , Green Plastics: An introduction to the New Science of Biodegradable Plastics, Princeton University Press, 2003

From Mesopotamia to the Nile Valley: Soil Degradation and Desertificati

From Mesopotamia to the Nile Valley: Soil Degradation and Desertification Desertification has many definitions, encompassing both the physical and social consequences of the transformation of land into desert-like conditions. In all cases, the impacts of human activity are indelibly linked to desertification. In 1977, the United Nations Conference on Desertification proposed a definition: "Desertification is the diminution or destruction of the biological potential of the land, and can lead ultimately to desert-like conditions. It is an aspect of widespread deterioration of ecosystems, and has diminished or destroyed the biological potential, i.e., plant and animal production, for multiple use purposes at a time when increased productivity is needed to support growing populations in quest of development." (Mainguet, 1994, 3) In addition, Monique Mainguet cites Kates et al. (1977) as noting that, "Unlike drought, which is usually a short-term diminution of available moisture, the physical processes involved in desertification are long-term, chronic, and pervasive" (1994, 2). Mainguet considers "soil deterioration as the most critical component of land degradation and, in the framework of irreversible land degradation, as the main factor of desertification" (1994, p. 151). Soil degradation "is expressed as water and wind erosion, salinization, loss of soil fertility, and soil compaction" (Dregne, 1985, p. 19). Changes to the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil may bring severe famine to a previous fertile area. Desertification has destroyed past civilizations, such North Mesopotamia, and is currently degrading vulnerable lands around the world, such as the Nile Valley of Egypt. The most important... ... Hulme, Mike and Kelly, Mick, 1993, Exploring the Links Between Desertification and Climate Change: Environment (St. Louis), v. 35: 6, p. 4-11. Kishk, M. A., 1986, Land Degradation in the Nile Valley: Ambio, v. 15, p. 226-230. Mainguet, Monique, 1994, Desertification: Natural Background and Human Mismanagement: New York, Springer-Verlag, 314 p. Mitchell, D. J. and Fullen, M. A., 1994, Soil-Forming Processes on Reclaimed Desertified Land in North-Central China: In Millington, Andrew C., and Pye, Ken, eds., 1994, Environmental Change in Drylands: New York, John Wiley and Sons, p. 393-412. Sabadell, J. Eleonora, et al., 1982, Desertification in the United States: Washington, D. C., U. S. Government Printing Office, 277 p. Weiss, H., et al., 1993, The Genesis and Collapse of Third Millennium North Mesopotamian Civilization: Science, v. 261, p. 995-1004.

Memes Shaping the Blogosphere :: Memetics Science Genes Brain Essays

Memes Shaping the Blogosphere The science of memetics – the scientific and systematic study of memes and their propagation – is not quite considered a science yet. People will concede that memes are a key factor in cultural evolution, but they are too difficult to track, too unpredictable to study closely. Unless we "someday discover a striking identity between brain structures storing the same information, allowing us to identify memes syntactically" (Dennett 354), it would seem that there is little hope for a science of memetics. How can we explore and apply memetics to culture if we cannot isolate and investigate the memes themselves, and their behaviors and effects? While memes' motion and influence through culture at large is perhaps impossible to analyze using a precise methodology, memes' virus-like spread on the internet – most notably throughout the so-called "blogosphere" – is easier to follow. Consequently, it is also much easier to highlight how memes have directed the evolution of the "blogosphere," and, indeed, of blogging and internet itself. Richard Dawkins, who is credited with coining the term "meme," defines it as: ...a unit of cultural transmission, or a unit of imitation... Just as genes propagate themselves in the gene pool by leaping from body to body via sperm or eggs, so memes propagate themselves in the meme pool by leaping from brain to brain via a process which, in the broad sense, can be called imitation (Dennett 344-5). Since the blogosphere can be defined as the internet space populated by weblogs, memes travel through it not from brain to brain, but from page to page, leaving a trail that can be monitored and analyzed. Memes have been an important part of the blogging world since at least 2001, when "Best Meme" first appeared as a category in The Bloggies, the annual Oscars of weblogging. The winner in the "Best Meme" category that year was "A Day Without Weblogs," which suggested that each December 1st, people use their weblogs to link to information and resources about AIDS, in memory of those who had died. "A Day Without Weblogs" had in fact begun with only fifty blogs in 1999, but by 2001, over 1,000 webloggers participated (Link and Think, 2003). The success of "A Day Without Weblogs" was one of the first demonstrations of the power and reach of the blogging community. The success of the project helped bring crucial attention to a serious issue, and mobilized many casual web surfers to donate time and money to the cause. Memes Shaping the Blogosphere :: Memetics Science Genes Brain Essays Memes Shaping the Blogosphere The science of memetics – the scientific and systematic study of memes and their propagation – is not quite considered a science yet. People will concede that memes are a key factor in cultural evolution, but they are too difficult to track, too unpredictable to study closely. Unless we "someday discover a striking identity between brain structures storing the same information, allowing us to identify memes syntactically" (Dennett 354), it would seem that there is little hope for a science of memetics. How can we explore and apply memetics to culture if we cannot isolate and investigate the memes themselves, and their behaviors and effects? While memes' motion and influence through culture at large is perhaps impossible to analyze using a precise methodology, memes' virus-like spread on the internet – most notably throughout the so-called "blogosphere" – is easier to follow. Consequently, it is also much easier to highlight how memes have directed the evolution of the "blogosphere," and, indeed, of blogging and internet itself. Richard Dawkins, who is credited with coining the term "meme," defines it as: ...a unit of cultural transmission, or a unit of imitation... Just as genes propagate themselves in the gene pool by leaping from body to body via sperm or eggs, so memes propagate themselves in the meme pool by leaping from brain to brain via a process which, in the broad sense, can be called imitation (Dennett 344-5). Since the blogosphere can be defined as the internet space populated by weblogs, memes travel through it not from brain to brain, but from page to page, leaving a trail that can be monitored and analyzed. Memes have been an important part of the blogging world since at least 2001, when "Best Meme" first appeared as a category in The Bloggies, the annual Oscars of weblogging. The winner in the "Best Meme" category that year was "A Day Without Weblogs," which suggested that each December 1st, people use their weblogs to link to information and resources about AIDS, in memory of those who had died. "A Day Without Weblogs" had in fact begun with only fifty blogs in 1999, but by 2001, over 1,000 webloggers participated (Link and Think, 2003). The success of "A Day Without Weblogs" was one of the first demonstrations of the power and reach of the blogging community. The success of the project helped bring crucial attention to a serious issue, and mobilized many casual web surfers to donate time and money to the cause.

Current Events in Business Research

Current Events in Business Research Lisa Andrews RES/351 September 10, 2012 Julie Bonner Current Events in Business Research The business research process is about learning everything there is to know about an organization, the consumers, competitors and the trade. The main points are trying to figure what products or services to offer, what consumers are likely to buy them, the region as to where to sell or buy them, and lastly the pricing. By following the important steps of business research a company is able to achieve these objectives. Business research was used in the military but in different ways. Is this a header?Or the Introduction to the paragraph? In any event, avoid having one sentence paragraphs Identifying Competitors – The mission of the military when it comes to new soldiers is to attract and retain quality soldiers. For instance the Army (the branch I was enlisted in) is facing tough competition when trying to maintain or attracting recruits and enlisted pers onal of all components and ranks. This is due to the low momentum of the recruiting efforts and potential recruits and that is why they are offering enlist or re-enlistment bonuses which is a financial incentive that is not given in the civilian hiring world.Since, the real world is their true competitors. Good problem to dissect! Studying Customers – The needs and wants of the new recruits and re- enlistment are very essential. So before initiating these incentive programs, I believe that the military would have to establish what the needs and wants are of enlist and re-enlistments. An essential point, just like a product is to make sure that when taking on this challenge that the solders needs are met in this process. That is why primary research is essential before making a decision on what works and what don’t work.The other Business Research Process includes: SWOT analysis, Studying the main audience, and lastly the application. Briefly what these state is that on ce the detailed information is collected then an analysis is used to study the opportunities, weakness and strengths of the incentive, and the possible threats that might arise. The threat to the military is number, the retention of soldiers. Then, once this process is done, and then time devoted to studying the research should fall into place.The recruiters then will need to seek out of the recruits and re-reenlistment that will respond positive to the incentives. This research can entail male versus female or ages (age) groups. This takes time and a lot of research. Finally, if the steps are taking properly, they can be very effective if the military uses them properly. This is a process that is a constant hard work. WAR, time, people, lifestyles, finances, etc†¦change constantly that is why it is imperative that the military conduct business research throughout the year. Nice work! Just a few grammatical items to watch out for next time! Grade = 95% Current Events in Business Research Current Events in Business Research Lisa Andrews RES/351 September 10, 2012 Julie Bonner Current Events in Business Research The business research process is about learning everything there is to know about an organization, the consumers, competitors and the trade. The main points are trying to figure what products or services to offer, what consumers are likely to buy them, the region as to where to sell or buy them, and lastly the pricing. By following the important steps of business research a company is able to achieve these objectives. Business research was used in the military but in different ways. Is this a header?Or the Introduction to the paragraph? In any event, avoid having one sentence paragraphs Identifying Competitors – The mission of the military when it comes to new soldiers is to attract and retain quality soldiers. For instance the Army (the branch I was enlisted in) is facing tough competition when trying to maintain or attracting recruits and enlisted pers onal of all components and ranks. This is due to the low momentum of the recruiting efforts and potential recruits and that is why they are offering enlist or re-enlistment bonuses which is a financial incentive that is not given in the civilian hiring world.Since, the real world is their true competitors. Good problem to dissect! Studying Customers – The needs and wants of the new recruits and re- enlistment are very essential. So before initiating these incentive programs, I believe that the military would have to establish what the needs and wants are of enlist and re-enlistments. An essential point, just like a product is to make sure that when taking on this challenge that the solders needs are met in this process. That is why primary research is essential before making a decision on what works and what don’t work.The other Business Research Process includes: SWOT analysis, Studying the main audience, and lastly the application. Briefly what these state is that on ce the detailed information is collected then an analysis is used to study the opportunities, weakness and strengths of the incentive, and the possible threats that might arise. The threat to the military is number, the retention of soldiers. Then, once this process is done, and then time devoted to studying the research should fall into place.The recruiters then will need to seek out of the recruits and re-reenlistment that will respond positive to the incentives. This research can entail male versus female or ages (age) groups. This takes time and a lot of research. Finally, if the steps are taking properly, they can be very effective if the military uses them properly. This is a process that is a constant hard work. WAR, time, people, lifestyles, finances, etc†¦change constantly that is why it is imperative that the military conduct business research throughout the year. Nice work! Just a few grammatical items to watch out for next time! Grade = 95%

Advantages of Credit Cards

Advantages of Credit Cards Credit cards have affected people's lives in the 21st century. Many people use credit cards as an identification tool. In my opinion, credit cards have many benefits if they are used wisely. Credit cards offer a safe alternative to cash, and an opportunity to develop a good credit rating. They also provide the consumer with more time to pay for his/her purchaser.Credit cards are a safe alternative to carrying cash. When you have your card in your wallet, you don't have to carry cash that can be lost or stolen. If your credit card is lost or stolen, you can report the missing card to the card company. The company will then stop accepting any charges on your card, and you won't be charged for purchases made by someone else. For example, when I travel to different countries I don't have to worry about carrying cash with me. Just a couple of credit cards can cover all my expenses during my stay.English: First 4 digits of a credit cardIn addition to that, carrying a credit card is safer t han carrying money. People can steal money and use it, but if they steal a credit card, you can easily close your account with one call.In addition to its safety, credit cards can build a credit history. If you use your card responsibly, you can begin to build a good credit rating for yourself. Later in life, when you need a loan, a lender will want proof that you pay your debts. A good credit card history will help you get your loan. A poor credit history will work against you. For example, my brother has a dozen credit cards because he wants to build a good credit history for himself. He always encourages me to do the same thing. He believes a good credit rating...

Ideas for Thank You Card Quotes

Ideas for Thank You Card Quotes Do you say thank you to your host after attending a party? Do you say thank you to friends who bring you lovely presents? Sometimes mere thanks may sound insincere. Express your heartfelt gratitude by sending thank you cards. Use these quotes to make your cards really special. Quotations of Gratitude Irving BerlinGot no checkbooks, got no banks.Still Id like to express my thanks.I got the sun in the mornin and the moon at night.AnonymousI would thank you from the bottom of my heart, but for you my heart has no bottom.Oscar WildeThe smallest act of kindness is worth more than the grandest intention.Ralph Waldo EmersonFor each new morning with its light,For rest and shelter of the night,For health and food, for love and friends,For everything Thy goodness sends.William ShakespeareI can no other answer make, but, thanks, and thanks.G K ChestertonYou say grace before meals. All right. But I say grace before the concert and the opera, and grace before the play and pantomime, and grace before I open a book, and grace before sketching, painting, swimming, fencing, boxing, walking, playing, dancing and grace before I dip the pen in the ink.James Russell LowellNot what we give,But what we share,For the gift without the giverIs bare.John Greenleaf WhittierNo longer forward nor behindI look in hope or fear;But, grateful, take the good I find,The best of now and here. Helen KellerI thank God for my handicaps for, through them, I have found myself: my work, and my God.Benjamin DisraeliI feel a very unusual sensation if it is not indigestion, I think it must be gratitude.George EllistonHow beautiful a day can beWhen kindness touches it!EE CummingsI thank you God I thank you God for this most amazing day, for the leaping greenly spirits of trees, and for the blue dream of sky and for everything which is natural, which is infinite, which is yes.OvidThanks are justly due for boons unbought.Henry Van DykeBe glad of life because it gives you the chance to love, and to work, and to play and to look up at the stars.

The drop time of the paper helicopter Essay Example

The drop time of the paper helicopter Essay Example The drop time of the paper helicopter Paper The drop time of the paper helicopter Paper If the mass of the paper helicopter increases, then the drop time of the paper helicopter will decrease because the paper helicopter with the greater mass will take a longer time to reach terminal velocity ( when there is a balance of forces and thus zero acceleration) which results in a shorter drop time because the object is still accelerating. The mass of the paper helicopter will be measured by using 5 paperclips of each . 7g and the same paper helicopter whose mass is . The drop time will be measured with a stopwatch . The timing will start when the hand lets go of the paper helicopter at a drop height of 1 meter and stop when the paper helicopter touches the floor. The same person will be timing for each trial. A control of this experiment would be having the drop height the same throughout the experiment. This will be measured by using a meter stick and marking the height at which to drop the paper helicopter. The paper helicopter will drop at that marked height each time. Another control of this experiment would be having the same person timing the experiment for every trial. To keep the data as consistent as possible, the experiment will be using the same stopwatch, electric scale and paper helicopter each time. Another control would be using 5 paperclips of each with a mass of .7g . Measure each paperclip by placing them (on at a time) onto the electric scale and record. Based on the data collected, the hypothesis is accepted because as the mass of the paper helicopter increases, the average drop time decreases. This is evident in the data collected because the paper helicopter with a mass of 1g   had the highest average drop time of while the paper helicopter with a mass of 3. 8g had the lowest average drop time of. This is due to Newtons first and second law. Newtons laws states that an object will accelerate if the forces acting upon it are unbalanced and the amount of acceleration is directly proportional to the amount of net force acting upon it. Falling objects initially accelerate because there is no force big enough to balance the downward force of gravity so the object will continue to accelerate until the air resistance force increases to a large enough value to balance the downward force of gravity. Thus the objects (in this case paper helicopter) with a greater mass will continue to accelerate for a longer period of time then a paper helicopter with a lower mass which thus results in a decrease in drop time. One of the biggest weaknesses in this experiment was the human error with the reaction time when starting and stopping the stop watch. It is impossible to correctly start and stop the stop watch when the paper helicopter drops because of human reaction time (time needs to pass before the thought from the brain reaches the hand to start and stop the stopwatch). This serves as a limitation because although the stop watch was controlled by the same person each time, a different time lapse will pass each time thus causing the inability to accurately time the helicopter drop each time. Another weakness would be that since the person holding the paper helicopter each time has to move their hands, the angle at which the paper helicopter is dropped wont be the same each time which results in a shorter or longer drop time if the paper helicopter lands closer or farther from where it was dropped. There are several ways to improve this investigation to make the data more accurate. To decrease the lapse in stopping the stop watch, using a higher drop height would give the person timing more time to react to when the paper helicopter reaches the floor because the original procedure allowed (at max) 65 seconds to react from the time it took the paper helicopter to drop from the drop height to the floor. Another way to improve this investigation would be to create a stand that will hold the paper helicopter at the same drop height and angle each time so that the distance that the paper helicopter will land will be the same each time. This will reduce the error in time because of a shorter or longer landing distance.

Stem cell research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stem cell - Research Paper Example â€Å"Mouse embryonic stem cells treated in culture with a growth factor and then injected into the liver reverse a form of hemophilia in mice analogous to hemophilia B in humans, the new study shows.† (Stem Cells Treated with Growth Factor) Stem Cell Research- a clash of Science vs. Ethics, could well be a debate that might go on for generations as every individual has a different opinion about the subject. Should we allow doctors to play God and reverse our own destiny? Should we strive to provide cures that reverse the processes of injury and death? Or do we hold strong on our religious and moral aspects? These are the sorts of questions that have sparked the massive debate we have today. The purpose of our study, though, is not to argue about one particular stand point but to discuss both the view points and finally to allow readers to draw their own opinions and conclusions. In addition the process has been facilitated by providing an integrative review that details previ ous research, theories, explanations and answers and then counteracting them with questions and objections so that at the end of our research readers can make their own rationalistic conclusion. The Beginnings of Stem Cell Research Stem Cells, as defined by The National Institute of Health, are cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types within the body. Two facets make them incredibly important: Firstly, they can renew themselves during cell division and secondly, when grown under certain conditions, they can achieve specialized functions. These cells differentiate and form almost all the tissues of the body- skin, lung, brain, heart and muscle tissues among others. Stem cells can also be divided into two types: Embryonic stem cells and Adult stem cells which differ in both function and characteristics. According to the UK Stem Cell Foundation, stem cell work was first conducted in the early 1900’s with the discovery that white blood cells, red blood cel ls and platelets all arose from the same source. However, it was not until 1963 when Ernest A McCulloch and James E Till noted â€Å"the self-renewing activities of transplanted mouse bone-marrow cells† that confirmed such theories. Adult stem cells now play an integral role in chemo and radiation therapy as well as in other fields of biotechnology as they are grown and replicated in the lab. The discovery by James Thomson and his researchers from Madison University really helped to put Stem Cell Research on the map (Boyle, A., 2005). In 1998, for the first time ever, he isolated human embryonic stem cells from fertility clinics and then harvested them in the lab. This attempt along with the cloning of Dolly, the Sheep, two years earlier, caused a major ripple within the community. The Pros and Cons of Stem Cell Research Pros Stem cell research has paved the way for scientists to decipher â€Å"how we are made or formed and try to reverse problems† (Richard Hamilton, n .d). It has been described as having â€Å"limitless potential† (McLaughlin, 2009) by many as it can aid in finding cures for diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Stroke, Heart Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Diabetes, and hundreds of rare systemic immune disorders (Drlica,1997, p279) 1998). . There have been a number of researchers confirming the clinical application of stem cells. Stojanoski et al (2009), stated that stem cells taken from the peripheral

Lottery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lottery - Essay Example This story was later taught to the middle school and high school students. The story talks about an American town which has an annual ritual known as â€Å"The lottery†. It is based on a life of a small village with 300 people living in it. All the residents become extremely excited along with nervous on the 27th June. Children get together and gather stones and all the adults assemble and become united for their great annual event which is linked with their local tradition which is about practicing to ensure that a good harvest is done that year (Jackson, Reg S, 1983). The process of the lottery starts by the head of each family moving forward and drawing a small slip of paper from a black box. This time Bill Hutchinson and his family were picked for drawing a small slip of paper coming out of the black box. Tessie Hutchinson who is the wife of Bill got the market slip (Jackson, S 1982). As per the process and tradition all the villages that have stone will begin to surround Tessie and finally Tessie was stoned to death by the time the story ends. Tessie knew that the situation was extremely unfair but sadly she could do anything about it. The tradition basically is that the lottery preparations start a night before, the task of making the paper slips is assigned to Mr. Graves and Mr. Summers who need to note down the list of all the families. Once the names are properly written down, the slips are kept in a black box which is safely places in the coal company for a night. Everything is closed till 10 am so that everyone can participate in the lottery tradition which takes place around the lunch time. For the first round, men who are drawing the slips need to be over sixteen years and then later on, in the second round the families draw slip no matter whatever age they are of. After the slips were picked, they were allowed to fly off the wind followed by the most brutal act of human sacrifice which this name Tessie Hutchinson had to give. Initially when the novel was published, it was considered to be an extremely controversial novel. The readers were not ready to accept the brutal and cruel reality which was explained through an implicit work of Shirley Jackson. The rituals and the traditions which were explained in the novel about the America’s small town were not something people wanted to accept or openly admit (Jackson, S, Joyce C. Oates, 2010). This cruel story is about the event of lottery which ends up in taking life of poor and innocent people without any solid reason or justification. All the villagers as per the short story gathered at the square to participate in the lottery which was conducted by Mr. Summer. All the children arrive first and gather stones as their parents ask them to do so. Tessie Hutchinson unaware of her sad and unfair future arrives late and starts talking to Mrs. Delacroix. As soon as the process begins and Hutchinson family is selected, Tessie starts protesting and thus the readers here un derstand that though the name says â€Å"The Lottery† the story is not about the family wining money or something big, it is surely something unpleasant and something which no one would want. After the family is selected in the first round, the second round makes the entire family to pick slips. There were five members in Hutchinson

Media Technology Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Technology Management - Assignment Example .8V-unbuffered-non-ECC, Operating System – Windows Vista Business (SP1), Graphics card – Inno3D nVIDIA GeForce 9800GT Graphics Card - 1GB GDDR3 - PCI-E - 256-Bit - Dual DVI - Memory clock - HDCP - HDTV, Hard drive – Seagate OEM 500GB Barracuda 7200.12 Internal Hard Disk Drive (7200RPM, SATA, 32MB Cache), Monitor – LCD Samsung T220HD 22-inch Widescreen LCD TFT Monitor, 2ms, Rose Black, 10000:1, TV Tuner. As far as the software for audio editing, video editing and authoring is concerned, Vegas Pro 8 of Sony Creative Software would suit both our needs and the pocket. Now entering into the cost part, the PC computer costs totally -  £ 913.07 and the Vegas Pro 8 software costs  £524.34. So the total expenditure for the computer and software bundle would be -  £1437.41 (including VAT). External hard drive which we employ here for archiving work is of the following specification – 500 GB space & USB2.0 compliant. This is a product of G-Tech, and we use them because they are one among the leaders in external hard drive manufacturers. The model is G-Drive FW400, and it costs  £113.25 The duplicator that we use is, Copystars CD DVD Duplicator. It’s specifications are – 115/230v switchable with AC Adaptor power cord and ready to use duplication tower. It has been chosen because it has the capability to duplicate dual layer and various formats of discs, it can also name hard drives, count discs, perform error and data integrity checks etc. They are also very user friendly as they use smart DVD duplicator technology. It will cost  £250 We have gone for an - All-in-One Multifunction Scanner and CD/DVD Printer as it saves considerable amount of money. We are employing a Hewlett Packard’s product of the following specification: Print technology – Thermal Inkjet, Print speed – 32 ppm, Maximum scan size – 216 x 297 mm, Scan speed – 10 x 15 cm color photo into Microsoft Word less than 22 sec, Scan Technology - Contact Image Sensor (CIS), Model Number –